1. Gabatarwa

Nuna Aiki (PoW) shine tsarin yarjejeniya na tushe ga manyan kuɗin dijital kamar Bitcoin da Ethereum, yana kiyaye blockchain ta hanyar buƙatar ƙoƙarin lissafi don tabbatar da ma'amaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin tubalan. Duk da haka, babban ladan kuɗi daga hakar ma'adinai ya haifar da tseren makamai a cikin kayan aiki na musamman, musamman ma'auratan haɗin gwiwa na musamman (ASICs). Wannan ya haifar da matsakaicin hakar ma'adinai, inda wasu ƙungiyoyi masu samun damar ga tsada, ASICs na al'ada ke sarrafa rabon da bai dace ba na ƙarfin hashing na cibiyar sadarwa, suna lalata ka'idar rarraba fasahar blockchain. HashCore yana ba da shawarar canjin tsari: maimakon sanya PoW ya jure ASIC, ya sanya na'urar sarrafa bayanai ta gabaɗaya (GPP) ta zama ASIC na ainihi.

2. Matsalar Matsakaicin ASIC

Babban matsalar tana da alaƙa da tattalin arziki da samun dama. Haɓaka ASIC yana da tsada, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, kuma galibi yana ɓoye sirri ta wasu masana'antun. Wannan yana haifar da manyan shinge na shiga, yana mai da hankali kan ƙarfin hakar ma'adinai da ƙara haɗarin hare-haren kashi 51%. Ga yawancin masu amfani, siyan da sarrafa ASICs masu gasa ba su da amfani, wanda ke haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin babban tushen masu amfani da kuɗin dijital da ƙaramin taron masu hakar ma'adinai na ainihi. Wannan matsakaici yana haifar da haɗari ga tsaron cibiyar sadarwa da rarrabawa.

Ma'auni na Matsala Mai Muhimmanci

Shinge na Shiga: Babban farashin jari don ASICs masu gasa.

Matsakaicin Mai Hakar-zuwa-Mai Amfani: Ƙaramin adadin masu hakar ma'adinai da bai dace ba.

Haɗarin Tsaro: Ƙara rauni ga hare-haren haɗin gwiwa.

3. Falsafar Ƙirar HashCore

HashCore yana juyar da matsalar gargajiya. Maimakon tsara aikin PoW sannan wasu su gina ASICs don shi, HashCore an tsara shi ta yadda kayan aikin da kowa ya mallaka—na'urar sarrafa bayanai ta gabaɗaya (misali, x86, ARM CPUs)—su ne kayan aikin mafi inganci don aikin.

3.1. Binciken Ma'auni Mai Juyawa

Wannan shine ra'ayi na tushe. Masu ƙira na guntu kamar Intel da AMD suna kashe biliyoyin don inganta CPUs ɗinsu don yin aiki mai kyau akan jerin ma'auni na yau da kullun (misali, SPEC CPU 2017), waɗanda ke wakiltar nau'ikan ayyukan lissafi na ainihi na duniya. HashCore yana amfani da wannan ta hanyar gina aikin PoW daga "widgets" da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar ƙirar ƙarya waɗanda ke kwaikwayon waɗannan ayyukan ma'auni na ainihi. Don haka, CPU da aka inganta don SPEC, bisa ƙira, an inganta shi don HashCore.

3.2. Tsarin Gine-gine na Widget

Aikin HashCore ba hash mai tsayayye kamar SHA-256 ba ne. Shi ne jerin "widgets" na lissafi da aka haɗa a lokacin gudana. Kowane widget yana aiwatar da jerin umarnin na'urar sarrafa bayanai na gabaɗaya da aka tsara don damuwa da mahimman albarkatun lissafi (ALU, FPU, cache, bandwidth na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya). Haɗin takamaiman da tsari na widgets ana ƙayyade su ta hanyar ƙirar ƙarya bisa ga shigar da kan tubalan, yana tabbatar da cewa aikin ba za a iya ƙididdige shi a baya ko inganta shi cikin sauƙi a cikin kayan aiki ba.

Fahimtocin Jigo

  • Yaɗa Mulki: Yana mai da kayan aikin masu amfani na yanzu zuwa kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai masu gasa.
  • Ingantaccen Amfani: Yana dogaro da biliyoyin daloli na bincike da haɓaka na CPU.
  • Tsaron Mai Ƙarfi: Ƙirar widget a lokacin gudana yana hana ingantaccen kayan aiki mai tsayayye.

4. Aiwar Fasaha & Tsaro

4.1. Hujjar Jurewa Karon Kira

Takardar tana ba da hujja ta yau da kullun cewa HashCore yana jurewa karon kira ba tare da la'akari da aiwatar da widget ba, muddin ainihin farkon haɗin fitar da widgets ɗin kansa yana jurewa karon kira. Tsaron ya ragu zuwa tsaron wannan ainihin sirrin sirri (misali, ginin Merkle-Damgård). Ƙirar widget ta ƙirar ƙarya tana tabbatar da cewa fitarwar aikin gabaɗaya ba ta da tabbas kuma tana da tsaro.

4.2. Tushen Lissafi

Ana iya fassara PoW a matsayin gano nonce $n$ kamar haka: $$\text{HashCore}(\text{KanTubalan}, n) < \text{Manufa}$$ Inda aka ƙididdige $\text{HashCore}(H, n)$ kamar haka: $$F( W_1( H || n || s_1), W_2( H || n || s_2), ..., W_k( H || n || s_k) )$$ A nan, $H$ shine kan tubalan, $n$ shine nonce, $s_i$ iri ne da aka samo ta hanyar ƙirar ƙarya daga $H$ da $n$, $W_i$ sune ayyukan widget, kuma $F$ aikin haɗawa ne mai jurewa karon kira (kamar hash). Jerin widget da sigogi ana ƙayyade su ta hanyar aikin samarwa $G(H, n)$.

5. Bincike & Tasiri

Hangen Nesa na Manazarcin Masana'antu

5.1. Fahimtar Jigo

HashCore ba wani kawai algorithm na "jurewa ASIC" bane; yana da dabarun haɗin gwiwa na yanzu na yanayin kayan aiki. Gaskiyar hazaka ita ce gane cewa masana'antar semiconductor mai darajar tiriliyan daloli ta riga ta gina "ASIC" cikakke don wani nau'in matsaloli—CPU. Ayyuka kamar Ethash na Ethereum sun yi niyya don ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don jure ASICs, amma kamar yadda haɓaka ASICs na Ethash ya nuna, wannan dabara ce ta jinkirtawa. Hanyar HashCore ta fi mahimmanci: tana daidaita ƙwaƙƙwaran tattalin arziki na PoW da gaskiyar tattalin arziki na masana'antar kayan aiki ta duniya. Yana sanya rarrabawa ya zama kaddara ta asali, ba manufa mai rauni da za a kare ba.

5.2. Gudanar da Ma'ana

Ma'ana tana da sauƙi mai ban sha'awa: 1) Gano matsalar (matsakaici mai motsa ASIC). 2) Bincika tushen dalili (aikin PoW ba kamar ayyukan CPU na gabaɗaya ba ne). 3) Juya sararin mafita: idan ba za ka iya kayar da masu yin ASIC ba, ka sa su yi aiki a gare ka. Ta hanyar ayyana PoW a matsayin "duk abin da CPUs suka riga sun yi kyau a kai," kuna amfani da ci gaba, babban saka hannun jari na bincike da haɓaka daga Intel, AMD, da ARM. Wannan yana haifar da manufa mai motsi don ƙwarewa; a lokacin da wani ya tsara da'ira mai tsayayye don haɗin widget na yau, ƙirar ƙirar ƙarya na tubalin na gaba na iya jaddada wani tsarin CPU daban. Wannan rikitaccen yanayi mai ƙarfi yana kwatanta ra'ayoyi a wasu fagage, kamar gine-ginen bazuwar a wasu dabarun yanke hanyoyin sadarwar jijiya don hana wuce gona da iri ga takamaiman kayan aiki.

5.3. Ƙarfafawa & Kurakurai

Ƙarfafawa:

  • Samun Damar Gaskiya: Yana rage shingen hakar ma'adinai zuwa farashin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko na tebur na yau da kullun, yana iya ba da damar biliyoyin na'urori su shiga cikin ma'ana.
  • Rarrabawa Mai Dorewa: Yana daidaita rarraba hakar ma'adinai da rarraba mallakar na'urori.
  • Kare Gobe: Yana amfana kai tsaye daga ƙarnoni na gaba na ingantattun gine-ginen CPU (ƙarin cores, sabbin umarni, mafi kyawun caches).
  • Karkatar da Makamashi: Zai iya amfani da zagayowar lissafi na banza na yanzu a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai da na'urori na sirri cikin inganci fiye da gonakin ASIC guda ɗaya.
Kurakurai Masu Muhimmanci:
  • Gibi na Aiki: GPP koyaushe zai kasance ƙasa da cikakken inganci fiye da ASIC da aka gina don wani aiki mai tsayayye. Tambayar ita ce ko aikin kowane dala da samun dama sun cancanci. Farashin hash na farko zai kasance ƙasa da ƙimar cibiyoyin sadarwar ASIC na yanzu, yana buƙatar babban haɗin gwiwar al'umma da sabon tsarin tattalin arziki don tsaro.
  • Sabbin Hanyoyin Matsakaici: Haɗari yana ƙaura daga mallakar ASIC zuwa sarrafa albarkatun lissafi na gajimare (AWS, Google Cloud). Mai aikata mugunta zai iya hayar manyan gonakin CPU cikin arha don harin na ɗan gajeren lokaci, matsalar da ba ta da yuwuwa tare da ASICs masu tsadar jari.
  • Rikitaccen Aiwa & Tabbatarwa: Aikin da aka samar da ƙarfi, mai rikitarwa yana da wahala a aiwatar da shi daidai kuma a tabbatar da shi a cikin nodes daban-daban ba tare da gabatar da rauni ko kurakuran yarjejeniya ba. Kwatanta wannan da sauƙin kyawun SHA-256.
  • Yana Yin Watsi da Sauran Kayan Aiki: GPUs, waɗanda su ma suna da yawa kuma masu ƙarfi, ba su ne manufa ta farko ba. Za a iya fitar da bambancin HashCore da aka inganta don ayyukan GPU, yana sake farawa da zagayowar ƙwarewa.

5.4. Fahimtoci Masu Aiki

Ga masu gine-ginen blockchain da masana tattalin arzikin crypto, HashCore gwaji ne na tunani na wajibi. Yana tilasta sake kimanta abin da "tsaro ta hanyar aiki" ke nufi da gaske. Shin game da ɗanyen, cikakken hashes a kowane dakika ne, ko game da rarrabawa na wannan ƙarfin hashing? Na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci don jurewa takunkumi.

Shawarwari:

  1. Hanyar Haɗin Kai: Sabbin blockchains yakamata su yi la'akari da PoW mai kama da HashCore a lokacin ƙaddamarwa don haɓaka tushen mai hakar ma'adinai mai rarrabawa, mai yuwuwa canzawa zuwa ko haɗawa da wasu hanyoyin (misali, Nuna Hannun jari, PoS) daga baya.
  2. Rage Haɗarin Gajimare: Ƙirar yarjejeniya dole ne ta haɗa da hana ƙin hayar ɗan gajeren lokaci, kamar tsawon lokacin zamani ko buƙatun haɗin gwiwa, koyo daga matsalar "babu abin da ke cikin haɗari" a cikin tsarin PoS na farko.
  3. Daidaitu & Bincika: Al'ummar crypto yakamata su ɗauki ɗakin karatu na widget da aikin samarwa a matsayin mahimman abubuwan tsaro, suna sanya su ga bincike mai tsauri kamar ainihin sirrin sirri.
  4. Samfurin Tattalin Arziki: Ana buƙatar sabbin samfuran tokenomic inda tsaro ya samo asali ne daga tushe mai yawa na masu hakar ma'adinai masu ƙarancin ƙarfi maimakon babban jari mai matsakaici. Wannan na iya haɗawa da sake tunanin lada na tubalan da rarraba kuɗin ma'amala.
A taƙaice, HashCore ba maye gurbin SHA-256 ba ne kuma ya fi zama falsafar tushe ga ƙarni na gaba na cibiyoyin sadarwa marasa izini, masu rarrabawa na gaskiya. Nasararsa ba kawai ta dogara da kyawun fasaha ba, amma akan ikonsa na haɓaka yanayin hakar ma'adinai mai ƙarfi da daidaito.

6. Ayyuka na Gaba & Jagorori

Ka'idojin da ke bayan HashCore sun wuce hakar ma'adinan kuɗin dijital.

  • Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Kayan Aiki na Jiki Masu Rarrabawa (DePIN): HashCore zai iya kiyaye hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa raba albarkatun lissafi na gabaɗaya (misali, don yin fassara, lissafin kimiyya), inda aikin kansa yana da amfani kuma PoW yana kiyaye cibiyar sadarwa.
  • Nuna Aiki Mai Amfani Mai Daidaitawa: Ana iya tsara widgets don yin lissafi masu amfani masu tabbaci (misali, nadawa furotin, magance matsalolin lissafi) a matsayin sakamakon kiyaye sarkar, yana matsawa zuwa hangen nesa na "Nuna Aiki Mai Amfani."
  • Tallafin Gine-gine Da Yawa: Siffofin gaba na iya haɗawa da jerin widgets da aka inganta don gine-gine daban-daban da suka yaɗu (ARM don wayoyin hannu, RISC-V don IoT masu tasowa), ƙirƙirar yanayin hakar ma'adinai daban-daban amma adalci.
  • Haɗin Kai tare da Shaidar Rashin Sani: Za a iya amfani da rikitaccen yanayi, marar layi daya na wasu jerin widgets tare da zk-SNARKs don ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan shaidar aikin da aka yi, yana ba da damar tabbatarwa mai sauƙi ga abokan ciniki masu haske.
Babban kalubale shine daidaita rikitarwa, tsaro, da tabbatarwa. Gobe yana cikin ƙirƙirar daidaitattun, ɗakunan karatu masu inganci na widgets "masu wahayi daga ma'auni" waɗanda sabbin ayyukan blockchain za su iya amfani da su cikin aminci.

7. Nassoshi

  1. Georghiades, Y., Flolid, S., & Vishwanath, S. (Shekara). HashCore: Ayyukan Nuna Aiki (PoW) don Na'urori Masu Sarrafa Bayanai na Gabaɗaya. [Sunan Taro ko Jarida].
  2. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
  3. Back, A. (2002). Hashcash - Maganin Yaki da Sabotage.
  4. SPEC CPU 2017. Hukumar Bincike da Ƙimar Aiki. https://www.spec.org/cpu2017/
  5. Buterin, V. (2013). Takardar Fari ta Ethereum: Dandalin Kwangila Mai Hikima na Gaba da Dandalin Aikace-aikacen Rarrabawa.
  6. Dwork, C., & Naor, M. (1992). Farashin ta hanyar Sarrafawa ko Yaƙi da Wasikar Takarda. CRYPTO '92.
  7. Zhu, J., et al. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna-zuwa-Hotuna mara Haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Adawa masu Daidaituwa. ICCV 2017. (CycleGAN a matsayin misalin tsarin da aka tsara don yanki na matsaloli na gabaɗaya, kama da ƙirar HashCore don kayan aiki na gabaɗaya).